Elk Falls Pratt Truss Bridge Co-historian Bruce Hadley. – Jon Roanhaus, CC BY-SA 3.0 – Wikimedia Commons Elk County is located in Kansas. About 2,483 people live here (as of 2020). Between 2010 and 2020, the population declined from 2,882 to 2,483. The area covers about 1,684.0 square kilometers. The region is divided into 5 Municipalities. The region was founded in 1875. The name originates from Elk River (tributary of the Verdigris River) Elk County is county in Kansas, United States. More information at elkcountyks.org.